Vitamins & Minerals — Complete Reference

Every essential vitamin and mineral, indexed with recommended intakes, deficiency signs, primary food sources, and supplementation guidance drawn from the Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes and current clinical practice.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

Mineral nutrients

A note on multivitamins

Multivitamin research has produced mostly null results in randomised trials for preventing cardiovascular events, cancer, or cognitive decline in the general adult population. Where supplementation is clearly justified is (1) documented deficiency, (2) high-risk groups (pregnancy, older adults, veganism, malabsorption), and (3) specific micronutrients tied to specific outcomes. Read the individual references above for evidence-based guidance rather than defaulting to a generic multivitamin.